How it is calculated
Percent of thread compares the depth actually cut with the full basic thread depth (1.299 × pitch on the diameter). Cutting taps remove material, so the drill is the minor diameter. Forming (roll) taps push metal up into the crests, so they need a larger drill.
Cutting tap drill d = D − 1.299 · P · (% / 100) (D − P ≈ 77%)
Forming tap drill d = D − 0.68 · P · (% / 100) (65% is typical)
Percent of thread % = (D − d) / (1.299 · P) · 100
6H minor diameter D1 min = D − 1.0825 · P, D1 max = D1 min + TD1
Blind hole depth thread length + 3 · P (tap lead) + 0.3 · d (118° point)
Inch threads P = 25.4 / TPI
TD1 (6H) from ISO 965-1. For cutting taps the drilled hole should land inside the 6H range, or the thread gauge will not pass. Engagement length: about 1 × D in steel, 1.5 × D in cast iron and 2 × D in aluminium for a joint as strong as the bolt.